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还是以上次添加的新盘为例：
[root@cs-1 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sdb: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe4bb91de

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
--------------------------------------------------------------------

首先分区 并将分区设置为LVM 类型 并保存.
#因为磁盘大小没有超过2T所以使用fdisk即可

[root@cs-1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb 
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help): n              // 新建分区
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p				// 分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1):  // 默认开始分配第一个分区空间大小
First sector (2048-20971519, default 2048):  // 回车，默认从2048开始往下分
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-20971519, default 20971519):   //回车，将所有空间都给第一个分区
Using default value 20971519
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): t				// 修改分区类型
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e		// 改为 Linux LVM类型
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

Command (m for help): w			   // 保存 
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

[root@cs-1 ~]# fdisk -l  		// 查看所有磁盘信息

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    20971519    10484736   8e  Linux LVM  // ⬅ 类型为：

为什么是 分区类型要选择 8e？
因为8e 是 linux lvm 类型的的标识符,所以要输入 8e

Command (m for help): t			// 设置分区类型
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L  // 查看所有类型

0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        
 1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden C:  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx         
 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    
 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
 7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility   
 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         
 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access     
 a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        
 b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      
 c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi eb  BeOS fs        
 e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         ee  GPT            
 f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f1  SpeedStor      
12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f4  SpeedStor      
14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f2  DOS secondary  
16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      fb  VMware VMFS    
17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE 
18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep        
1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            
1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix

-----------------------

【创建物理卷】
查看可以作为物理卷的设备
[root@cs-1 ~]# lvmdiskscan 
  /dev/centos/root [     <17.51 GiB] 
  /dev/centos/swap [       2.00 GiB] 
  /dev/sda2        [     500.00 MiB] 
  /dev/sda3        [     <19.51 GiB] LVM physical volume
  /dev/sdb1        [     <10.00 GiB]     // 可以看到 刚刚划分的linux lvm 类型的设备
  2 disks
  2 partitions
  0 LVM physical volume whole disks
  1 LVM physical volume

创建物理卷
[root@cs-1 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created.

查看物理卷状态 pvs 或 pvdisplay 查看物理卷的属性
[root@cs-1 ~]# pvs
  PV         VG     Fmt  Attr PSize   PFree  
  /dev/sda3  centos lvm2 a--  <19.51g      0 
  /dev/sdb1         lvm2 ---  <10.00g <10.00g

[root@cs-1 ~]# pvdisplay 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               <19.51 GiB / not usable 2.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              4994
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          4994
  PV UUID               SHKiSF-g13G-fJAG-tpsA-Emda-kSUu-Jz3HQe
   
  "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "<10.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---					// 新的物理卷
  PV Name               /dev/sdb1
  VG Name               
  PV Size               <10.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               S29Y28-zKCa-ic6R-leV4-3O7J-shPb-L9O2ag

【为根目录扩容】

查看卷组
[root@cs-1 ~]# vgs				
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree
  centos   1   2   0 wz--n- <19.51g    0 		// 可以看到根目录 物理卷组名称为 centos

将/dev/sdb1 物理卷 加入根目录的理卷组中
[root@cs-1 ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended
 
[root@cs-1 ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree  
  centos   2   2   0 wz--n- 29.50g <10.00g   // 可以看到centos物理卷组的大小已经从19.5扩容到了29.5.

// 但是此时只是将物理卷加入到了物理卷组中，还没有给根空间扩容
											 // Free可以看到这10G的空间还未分配
											 
[root@cs-1 ~]# vgdisplay 					 // 查看物理卷属性信息
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  4
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               29.50 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              7553
  Alloc PE / Size       4994 / <19.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       2559 / <10.00 GiB		// 可以看到还有空间没有被分配
  VG UUID               lS5NF2-9EYz-xCK0-Uow4-xuTC-v1p0-ehN6e0
											 
											 
											 
从卷组中把添加的空间给到根逻辑卷，并查看根逻辑卷的可用空间
[root@cs-1 ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/mapper/centos-root
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <17.51 GiB (4482 extents) to 27.50 GiB (7041 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized.

查看结果：
[root@cs-1 ~]# vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize  VFree
  centos   2   2   0 wz--n- 29.50g    0     // 对比上述信息可以看到 根空间以被扩容到了29.50G 而Free未分配的空间以经为0.
  
[root@cs-1 ~]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  5
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               29.50 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              7553
  Alloc PE / Size       7553 / 29.50 GiB // 以分配空间被扩容了
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   		 // 为分配空间以归0
  VG UUID               lS5NF2-9EYz-xCK0-Uow4-xuTC-v1p0-ehN6e0

/dev/mapper/centos-root逻辑卷实际可用空间
root@cs-1 ~]# lvs
  LV   VG     Attr       LSize  Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  root centos -wi-ao---- 27.50g

注： 到这里还没有完成根空间的扩容， 因为文件系统并不会自动同步所以我们要手动使扩容生效

[root@cs-1 ~]# df -hT
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        18G  4.5G   13G  26% /

手动使扩容生效
[root@cs-1 ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-root 
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=1147392 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=4589568, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 4589568 to 7209984

[root@cs-1 ~]# df -hT
Filesystem              Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root xfs        28G  4.5G   23G  17% /

至此， 扩容完成

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